Associations between Sleep Duration and Smoked Cigarettes per Day, Heavy Smoking in Smokers
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Health consequences of smoking 1-4 cigarettes per day.
OBJECTIVES To determine the risk in men and women smoking 1-4 cigarettes per day of dying from specified smoking related diseases and from any cause. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Oslo city and three counties in Norway. PARTICIPANTS 23,521 men and 19,201 women, aged 35-49 years, screened for cardiovascular disease risk factors in the mid 1970s and followed throughout 2002. OUTCOMES ...
متن کاملTABLE 12.-Lung cancer mortality ratios for females, by number of cigarettes smoked per day: Haenszel and Taeuber cigarettes
reduction in the number of adult females who smoke cigarettes, whereas there has been a 13.6 percent reduction in the number of adult males smoking. Trends in the percentage of teenagers who arc regular cigarette smokers are presented in Table 9. Cigarette smoking among girls has increased steadily, so that at the present time equal numbers of boys and girls are smoking cigarettes and many of t...
متن کاملMeasuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day.
Two simple self-report measures have been used to assess the heaviness of smoking, 'number of cigarettes per day' (CPD) and 'time to the first cigarette of the day' (TTF). Little attention, however, has been given to the precise method of scoring this information. Using biochemical indicators of heaviness of smoking (alveolar carbon monoxide and cotinine), we explore the optimum data transforma...
متن کاملPlasma concentrations of beta-endorphin in smokers who consume different numbers of cigarettes per day.
The harmful effects of smoking on health have been widely documented, although it is as yet unclear whether tobacco dependence is only psychological in nature, or both psychological and physical. We studied plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in healthy persons who consumed different numbers of cigarettes per day, and compared the findings w...
متن کاملThe Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Male Cigarette Smoking Students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Background: The rising trend of smoking cigarettes, especially among the youth, has become a great concern in Iranian society. Not only does smoking cigarettes harm one financially, but also it will cause immense damage to the smoker as well as the society. This paper investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and the factors affecting it in young smokers. Methods: The research has bee...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Korean Journal of Health Promotion
سال: 2018
ISSN: 2234-2141,2093-5676
DOI: 10.15384/kjhp.2018.18.1.1